After the establishment of the Gujarat Sultanate in 1391, Muzaffar Shah I was appointed viceroy of north Konkan. 2 Every country is shown in red. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. An important reformer was Mary Carpenter, who wrote factory laws that exemplified Victorian modernization theory of the modern, regulated factory as vehicle of pedagogy and civilizational uplift. Even before the island was joined to Bombay, it was a cantonment Jafar emerged victorious in the battle fought with Ahmad Shah I Wali. of this century, the importance of Bombay as a centre of cotton trade, A new development took place with the opening of [177] The Great Bombay Textile Strike was called on 18 January 1982 by trade union leader Dutta Samant, where nearly 250,000 workers and more than 50 textile mills in Bombay went on strike. state. [42] During 152829, Lopo Vaz de Sampaio seized the fort of Mahim from the Gujarat Sultanate, when the King was at war with Nizam-ul-mulk, the emperor of Chaul, a town south of the islands. Under the Yadavas of Devagiri (later Daulatabad; 11871318), the settlement of Mahikavati (Mahim) on Bombay Island was founded in response to raids from the north by the Khalji dynasty of Hindustan in 1294. Abstract. The city was ruled in the 6th8th century by the Chalukyas, who left their mark on Elephanta Island (Gharapuri). Mumbai was lashed by torrential rains on 2627 July 2005, during which the city was brought to a complete standstill. Rethinking the Twentieth-Century History ofMumbai* History, Culture and the Indian City: Essays by Rajnarayan Chandavarkar. Discover how Mumbai's past sovereignty issues have shaped it into a dominant trade and travel hub, siege of several sites in the city in late November 2008. The city was a centre of maritime trade with Persia and Egypt in 1000 bce. Modern Asian Studies promotes an understanding of contemporary Asia and its rich inheritance. [150] The first electric locomotives in India were put into service from Victoria Terminus to Kurla in 1925. that the cotton boom was bringing in. An author who grew up in Mumbai calls his city an "urban catastrophe." Elphinstone was the Riots broke out between Muslims and Parsis in October 1851, in consequence of an article on Muhammad which appeared in the Chitra Gnyan Darpan newspaper. "Workers' politics and the mill districts in Bombay between the wars. ", "Local 'army' offers to protect Bombay's 'Castella', "Security, the central component of an early modern institutional matrix; 17th century Bombay's Economic Growth", International Society for New Institutional Economics (ISNIE), "Mazgaon fort was blown to pieces 313 years ago", Calcutta Magazine and Monthly Register 1832, Acquisition, Changes, and Staff (Acquisition, 17741817, "BMC allots Rs 14 cr to upgrade Mahim Causeway", Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Gr.of Hospitals, "Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, first Baronet, 18231901", "From Distrust to Reconciliation (The Making of the Ganesh Utsav in Maharashtra)", "The Swadeshi Movement: Culmination of Cultural Nationalism", "BMC will give jobs to kin of Samyukta Maharashtra martyrs", Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture 1983, "About Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA)", "The Great Mumbai Textile Strike 25 Years On", "Profile of Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House (Nhava Sheva)", "Victims await Mumbai 1993 blasts justice", "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus chugs towards a new heritage look", "Blast outside Ghatkopar station in Mumbai, 2 killed", "Blast in Ghatkopar in Mumbai, 4 killed and 32 injured", "At least 174 killed in Indian train blasts", "India police: Pakistan spy agency behind Mumbai bombings", "Thackeray continues tirade against North Indians", "North Indian taxi drivers attacked in Mumbai", "HM announces measures to enhance security", "3 bomb blasts in Mumbai; 8 killed, 70 injured", "Death toll in Mumbai terror blasts rises to 19", "International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. A few years later the city changed its name to Mumbai, the Marathi name for the city. [17] The Elephanta Caves also dates back to the sixth century. had already been built towards the end of the 18th Century. At the beginning of the century, U.S. citizens and immigrants to the country traveled primarily by horseback or on the rivers. The goods were subjected to Maratha regulations with respect to taxes and a 30% toll was levied on all goods into the city from Salsette. Castella de Aguada (Fort of the Waterpoint) was built by the Portuguese at Bandra in 1640 as a watchtower overlooking the Mahim Bay, the Arabian Sea and the southern island of Mahim. 1777 - First newspaper published in Mumbai by Rustom Kersaspjere. [113] The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was incorporated in 1855.[114]. The Mahim Causeway was not Bombay was hit by a drought in 1824. record about 30 British deaths, several from outside of the city. No group claimed responsibility for the attack, but it had been hinted that the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Toiba was behind the attacks.[193]. governed by [73] The Treaty of Westminster concluded between England and the Netherlands in 1674, relieved the British settlements in Bombay of further apprehension from the Dutch. [28] He is also supposed to have brought Palshis,[29] Pachkalshis,[29] Bhandaris, Vadvals, Bhois, Agris and Brahmins to these islands. There was strong Constructions. Sometimes, several Each of the studies reviewed here devotes considerable attention to developments since the 1920s. by an Act of the British Parliament. barracks, each building had three floors. Bombay was renamed Mumbai on 6 March 1996. However, the Samyukta Maharashtra movement opposed this, and insisted that Bombay native of Marathi be declared the capital of Maharashtra. [53] These Christians were referred to by the British as Portuguese Christians, though they were Nestorian Christians who had only recently established ties with the Roman Catholic Church. The founding of the CIT and the new suburbs. The first institute in Asia to provide Veterinary Education, the Bombay Veterinary College, was established in Parel in Bombay in the year 1886. From 1857, Those protests led to the states partition into the modern states of Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960, and Bombay was made the capital of Maharashtra that year. [127] The Princess Dock was built in 1885 as part of a scheme for improving the whole foreshore of the Bombay harbour. area; it remains so even now. together Bombay and Mahim, it began the process that was to be completed The attacks resulted in 164 deaths, 308 injuries, and severe damage to several important buildings. [184][185] Soon colonial British names were shed to assert or reassert local names,[186] such as Victoria Terminus being renamed to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus on 4 March 1996, after the 17th century Marathi King Shivaji. [128] Bombay time was set at 4 hours and 51 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) using the 75th east meridian. Later, his brother-in-law Nagardev for 17 years till 1348. A The growth of Mumbai is remarkable in the sense that it was a set of seven small islands inhabited by traditional fisherman mostly. Eleven million people migrated from rural to urban areas between 1870 and 1920, and a majority of the twenty-five million immigrants who came to the United States in these same years moved into the nation's cities. [11] The port of Sopara (present-day Nala Sopara) was an important trading centre during the first century BCE,[12] with trade contacts with Rome. Afghan Church At least 44 people were killed and 150 injured. [6] The Koli fishing community had long inhabited the islands. first rails were laid for a 21 mile stretch between Thane and Bombay. 1890. [96] In 1795, the Maratha army defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad. This resulted in a large influx of traders, artisans, merhcants and labourers into the city. 5 See also. The next step was the completion of the Sion Causeway in Later, even this became impossible, and My semester final project is regarding the industrialization and deindustrialization of Mumbai/Bombay centered around two significant periods, the plague of 1896 and the textile mills strike of 1984. The islands were leased to Mestre Diogo in 1534. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. This PowerPoint presentation completely helps you to know about every thing about the Mumbai from 18th century till the present or the modern times. Indigenous tribals have inhabited Mumbai (Bombay) since the Stone Age. According to S.C. Roy the growth of anthropology in India can be classified in terms of the sources of publications such as magazines, handbooks and monograms etc. [67] With the construction of a good carriage road up the Bhor Ghat during the regimes of Mountstuart Elphinstone and Sir John Malcolm gave better access from Bombay to the Deccan. [16] The Greek merchant Cosmas Indicopleustes visited Kalyan (near Mumbai) during 530550. Several social and religious reform movements were started with the notion of social reform and religious revival in the country. 1900 - By this year, 45 trains of Western Railway in each direction . In 1950 the population of Mumbai was around 3 million. What impact did the relentless growth have on the land, cultures and identity - as well its relationship to the wider country? 1803 - Fire. [citation needed] The Delhi Sultanate captured the islands in 1348, and they were later passed to the Sultanate of Guzerat from 1391. [4] The present day city was built on what was originally an archipelago of seven islands of Mumbai Island, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli, and Old Woman's Island (also known as Little Colaba). since all the enemy powers were now subjugated. specially constructed chawls near the mills. [23] The Italian traveler Marco Polo's fleet of thirteen Chinese ships passed through Mumbai Harbour during May September 1292. [52] In 1560, they started proselytising the local Koli, Kunbi, Kumbhar population in Mahim, Worli, and Bassein. [154] On 15 October 1932 industrialist and aviator J.R.D. [85] The Maratha victory forced the British to push settlements within the fort walls of the city. In the postwar years the development of residential quarters in suburban areas was begun, and the administration of Bombay city through a municipal corporation was extended to the suburbs of Greater Bombay. [3] Pleistocene sediments found near Kandivali in northern Mumbai by British archaeologist Malcolm Todd in 1939 indicate habitation since the Stone Age. The decisive battle This road, which was opened on 10 November 1830, facilitated trade in a large measure. Governor of Bombay, and in 1864 had the walls of the fort removed. in the Company militia revolted. Avabai Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy funded the construction of the Mahim Causeway,[98] to connect Mahim to Bandra and the work was completed in 1845. was called a wadi. On being asked to hand over Bombay and Salsette to the English, the Portuguese Governor contended that the island of Bombay alone had been ceded, and alleging irregularity in the patent, he refused to give up even Bombay. These workers were called Kamathis, and their enclave was called Kamathipura. By that time, though, the hinterland had been opened, and Bombay had become a strong centre of import trade. 1838. then started, a process that continues till today. Forjett had the alleged ring-leaders blown from cannon on that day. For more information, visit http://journals.cambridge.org. Their religious practices could be summed up as animism. Tata pioneered civil aviation in Bombay by flying a plane from Karachi to Bombay. The first War of Independence John, Lord Elphinstone. The city's infrastructure was improved considerably with the construction of new highways and bridges, expansion of port facilities, and the inauguration of new public-transit systems. The city became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century, it was the centre of the Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919 and Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946. Russia has returned to its pre-20th century role, tension between Greece and Turkey is heightened and the revolutions of 1848 feel less distant Viewed on a timeline, the events and the people of . [123] The Bombay Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in Asia, was established in 1875. By 1000 BCE, the region was heavily involved in seaborne commerce with Egypt and Persia. [11], The Silhara dynasty of Konkan ruled the region between 810 and 1260. [67] On 5 November 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone[101] defeated Bajirao II, the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, in the Battle of Kirkee which took place on the Deccan Plateau. The last British troops to leave India, the First Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry, passed through the arcade of the Gateway of India in Bombay on 28 February 1948,[160] ending the 282-year-long period of the British in Bombay . [13] The islands were known as Heptanesia (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands) to the Greek geographer Ptolemy in 150CE. Among the most notable of those were the bombing of a train in July 2006 and the simultaneous siege of several sites in the city in late November 2008; nearly 200 lives were lost in each of the two incidents. The Remaking of Bombay The last years of the 19th century ended with a textile manufacturing boom, and attracted huge numbers of workers to a city unprepared to give them healthy living quarters. Following this, many artisans and construction workers from Andhra Pradesh migrated to Bombay and settled into the flats which were constructed by the Hornby Vellard. [156] With World War II, the movements of thousands of troops, military and industrial goods and the fleet of the Royal Indian Navy made Bombay an important military base for the battles being fought in West Asia and South East Asia. [164] But the States Reorganisation Committee recommended a bi-lingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat, with Bombay as its capital. [112] The Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company was the first cotton mill to be established in the city on 7 July 1854 at Tardeo in Central Bombay. There was a rapid was then made Commissioner of the Deccan in 1818. Its expanded book review section offers detailed and in-depth analysis of recent literature. Mumbai's population exceeds 12.4 million, with another 8 million living in the greater metropolitan area; this total of more than 20 million ranks Mumbai's metropolitan population as the fourth highest in the world. [75][76] Bombay was placed at the head of all the Company's establishments in India. He was the first to realise that the Fort walls were now superfluous, 2014 Cambridge University Press With the rapid increase in the number of mills, [63] On 21 September 1668, the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the English East India Company for an annual rent of 10 (equivalent retail price index of 1,226 in 2007) or Indian Rs 1,48,000 today. Early Labor Unions. and its hinterland was to become necessary. The worldwide influenza epidemic raged through Bombay from September to December 1918, causing hundreds of deaths per day. The labour force was constituted mainly The Walkeswar Temple at Malabar Point was probably built during the rule of Shilahara chiefs from the Konkan coast (9th13th century). two streams of development. [citation needed], Geologists believe that the coast of western India came into being around 100 to 80mya, after it broke away from Madagascar. The Governor of Bombay at this time was By joining gained paramount importance in the world cotton trade. agreement with the East India Company. The islands were wrested from Pratapbimba's control by Mubarak Khan, a self-proclaimed regent of the Khalji dynasty, who occupied Mahim and Salsette in 1318. [179] The Jawaharlal Nehru Port was commissioned on 26 May 1989 at Nhava Sheva with a view to de-congest Bombay Harbour and to serve as a hub port for the city. The American Civil War (186165) and the resulting cutoff of cotton supplies to Britain caused a great trade boom in Bombay. The plague killed thousands, and many fled the city leading to a drastic fall in the population of the city. [46] Bassein and the seven islands were surrendered later by a treaty of peace and commerce between Bahadur Shah and Nuno da Cunha, Viceroy of Portuguese India, on 25 October 1535, ending the Islamic rule in Mumbai. [51], The Portuguese encouraged intermarriage with the local population, and strongly supported the Roman Catholic Church. VT, university, BMC, town hall, etc. Bombay's ethnic soup. Mahim to Sion by a causeway. large numbers of Indians, and claimed to have uncovered a conspiracy to suppressed; but The old wall According to Fig. On 6 December 2002, a bomb placed under a seat of an empty BEST (Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport) bus exploded near Ghatkopar station in Mumbai. Under the leadership of several Princes, the Sepoys With the opening of The existence of such 75 people were killed and 350 were injured. By 1900, that percentage had increased to 39.7, and kept growing. The blast occurred a day ahead of the visit of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India to the city. [98] The construction of the Sion Causeway was completed in 1802 by Governor Jonathan Duncan. [81] By 26 December 1715, Charles Boone assumed the Governorship of Bombay. Descendants of the Yadavas are found in contemporary Mumbai, and most of the place-names on the island date from that era. One arguably positive result of European colonialism has been. It spanned an area of 235.1km2 (90.77sqmi) and inhabited 2,339,000 of people in 1951. The social and religious reform movements of the 19th century that took place in India, had a lasting significance into the centuries that followed. [155] Bombay was affected by the Great Depression of 1929, which saw a stagnation of mill industry and economy from 1933 to 1939. The Cotton Exchange was established in Around 83 people were killed. ", This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 06:52. [167] Flora Fountain was renamed Hutatma Chowk ("Martyr's Square") as a memorial to the Samyukta Maharashtra movement. The Treaty of Bassein (1534) between the Portuguese viceroy Nuno da Cunha and Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, placed the islands into Portuguese possession in 1534. It was part of Ashokas empire in the 3rd century bce, and in the 2nd century ce it was known as Heptanesia to Ptolemy, the ancient Egyptian astronomer and geographer of Greek descent. The Maratha empire under the Peshwas fell to the machinations of Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. The First Indian built by the government. cleaning of streets. [190] On 13 March 2003, a bomb exploded in a train compartment, as the train was entering the Mulund station in Mumbai. [67] The Bank of Bombay, the oldest bank in the city, was established in 1840,[106] and the Bank of Western India in 1842. [149] In 1926, the Back Bay scandal occurred, when the Bombay Development Department under the British reclaimed the Back Bay area in Bombay after the financial crisis incidental to the post-war slump in the city. [17][24] King Bhimdev founded his kingdom in the region in the late 13th century[25] and established his capital in Mahikawati (present day Mahim). Slums spread across the city and epidemics of plague added to the already high mortality rates. . [60], On 19 March 1662, Abraham Shipman was appointed the first Governor and General of the city, and his fleet arrived in Bombay in September and October 1662.
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